As a young 22-year-old accountant whose life was changed by the Nazi occupation, Gunnar Sonsteby became one of Norway's greatest resistance heroes. As the legendary leader of the Oslo Gang, Sonsteby made history with his daring operations against the Nazi occupation forces, and his story is an epic of the struggle for freedom. Directed by John Andreas Andersen, “Nr. 24”, directed by John Andreas Andersen, is both a historical document and an impressive movie with strong messages for today's world.
Let us first give some historical background about the
Norwegian Front in World War II:
Norway's story in World War II began with the sudden
invasion of Nazi Germany on April 9, 1940, despite the country's policy of
neutrality. This invasion, dubbed Operation Weserübung, was part of Hitler's
plan to strengthen his dominance in the North Atlantic and gain strategic
superiority over Britain. The German navy entered the Oslo Fjord, while
paratroopers seized the country's major airfields. Although the Norwegian army
put up resistance, it could not mount an effective defense due to being caught
unprepared and the superior strength of the German army.
In the first days of the occupation, King Haakon VII and
members of the government fled the Nazi forces and moved towards the north of
the country. British and French forces came to Norway's aid, but this support
was short-lived as Germany attacked France. In June 1940, the Norwegian army
formally surrendered and the royal family went into exile in England. The
puppet government, led by Vidkun Quisling, cooperated with the Nazi occupation
administration, while the country's strategic resources and industry were put
at the service of the German war machine.
After the occupation, both civilian and military resistance
movements quickly organized in Norway. The military resistance organization
called Milorg coordinated with the government-in-exile in England, organizing
acts of sabotage and gathering intelligence. In particular, acts of sabotage
against German heavy water production facilities seriously disrupted Nazi
Germany's nuclear program. The civil resistance, on the other hand, published
underground newspapers, made illegal radio broadcasts and helped Jews escape to
Sweden. Oslo-based resistance groups carried out daring operations against
German targets in the city, while resistance fighters in the countryside took
advantage of the mountainous terrain to wage guerrilla warfare.
For occupied Norway, 1945 was a complex period of hope and
anxiety. As the signs of the collapse of Nazi Germany grew more and more
evident, the main concern for Norwegians was what would happen to the country
when the Germans withdrew.
While the Soviet army advanced in northern Norway, some
350,000 German troops were still stationed in the rest of the country. Even
after Hitler's suicide, the commander of German forces in Norway, Franz Böhme,
refused to surrender. Resistance leaders in Oslo feared the city would be
destroyed. There was fear that the Nazis might use the “scorched earth” tactic.
During these critical days, the Milorg (Military
Organization) and civilian resistance groups were on high alert. Resistance
groups such as the Oslo Gang organized covert operations to thwart possible
German sabotage plans. In particular, power stations, bridges and other
critical infrastructure facilities were closely monitored.
On May 7, 1945, with the German surrender, German troops in
Norway were forced to lay down their arms. However, the surrender process was
unexpectedly orderly. The resistance movement made great efforts to prevent
revenge attacks. Quisling supporters and collaborators were arrested and
special measures were taken to avoid chaos.
On May 13, the return of King Haakon VII was the true symbol of freedom. Tens of thousands of people gathered in Oslo harbor to welcome their exiled king. Five years of darkness were officially over. But the scars of the war run deep. Especially in the north, the retreating German troops left behind burned towns and villages.
The fact that Norway suffered relatively little damage in
the last days of the war was largely due to the success of the resistance
movement. The disciplined nature of Milorg and the cool-headed attitude of the
resistance leaders contributed to the orderly German surrender. The
preservation of much of Oslo's historic fabric was one of the most important
legacies left for future generations.
But the joy of victory did not last long. The post-war
period began a process of reckoning with collaborators and healing social
wounds. The trial of traitors like Vidkun Quisling turned into a national
reckoning. Norwegian society was forced to confront its past while enjoying the
euphoria of freedom.
This period was a turning point in which the foundations of
modern Norway were laid. The maturity and discipline shown in the last days of
the war was reflected in the country's post-war reconstruction. Norway quickly
became one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Europe.
Today, memories of the last days of the war are an important
part of Norway's collective memory. Liberation Day, celebrated every year on
May 8, is not only a celebration of victory, but also a reminder of the value
of freedom and democracy.
In order to get to know the hero of this story, it is
important to know the Norwegian Resistance well.
Norway's story of resistance began with the sudden invasion
of Nazi Germany on April 9, 1940. The German warships that appeared in the Oslo
fjord that morning heralded a dark period that would change the fate of the
country. Initially, the Norwegian army offered resistance, but after two months
of fighting, the country fell completely under Nazi control. King Haakon VII
and the government fled to London, but this was to be the beginning of the
resistance, not the end.
From the first days, the Norwegian resistance had two
branches: civilian and military. The civilian resistance movement was called
“Hjemmefronten” (Home Front). This movement ranged from simple sabotage to
complex intelligence operations. In particular, the country's geography - deep
fjords, steep mountains and vast forests - gave the resistance a natural
advantage.
The resistance movement became more organized over time.
Working closely with the British Special Operations Executive (SOE), Norwegian
resistance fighters began to organize effective operations against the Nazi
occupation forces. Perhaps their most famous operation was the sabotage of
German heavy water production facilities. This operation severely disrupted
Nazi Germany's nuclear program and influenced the course of the war.
Resistance fighters had to contend not only with the enemy, but also with harsh natural conditions. Cold temperatures of up to -30 degrees Celsius in winter, difficult terrain and the pressure of being under constant surveillance made the daily struggle for survival even more difficult. But despite all these difficulties, the Norwegian resistance managed to become one of the most effective resistance movements against the Nazi occupation.
During the years of occupation, around 40,000 Norwegians
took an active part in the resistance movement. Around 1,400 of them lost their
lives and thousands were sent to concentration camps. However, the resistance
did not only wage armed struggle; they also published underground newspapers,
gathered intelligence and provided a constant flow of information to the Allied
forces.
The Oslo Gang (Oslogjengen) was perhaps the most effective
and professional organization of the Norwegian resistance movement. Led by
Gunnar “Kjakan” Sonsteby, the group became known for its daring and complex
operations against the Nazi occupation forces in the capital Oslo. The secret
of the group's success lay in its members' ability to appear as ordinary
citizens.
During the day, the gang members appeared as ordinary
citizens going about their normal business, while at night they organized
sabotage operations against the Nazi occupation forces. Among their most
important operations were the destruction of the ID card printing center used
by the occupation forces, the blowing up of weapons depots and the
assassination of Nazi collaborators.
One of the most remarkable features of the Oslo Gang was its
ability to carry out operations with almost no casualties. Behind this success
lay Sonsteby's meticulous planning skills and the extraordinary discipline of
the group members. Before each operation, weeks of reconnaissance were
conducted and everything was planned down to the last detail.
The group's activities were not limited to armed actions.
The Oslo Gang also gathered vital intelligence information for the Allied
forces. In particular, information on the movements, troop deployments and
defense systems of German naval bases in Norway played a critical role in the
operations of British bombers.
In the final stages of the occupation, the Oslo Gang's
activities intensified. The group worked hard to thwart possible Nazi plans for
destruction during the withdrawal. It was largely due to their efforts that
Oslo's critical infrastructure was preserved and the city survived the
occupation with minimal damage.
After the war, most members of the Oslo Gang quietly
returned to their normal lives. Some never spoke about their experiences,
others only began to share their experiences years later. But their courage and
sacrifice remains one of the brightest chapters in Norway's struggle for
freedom.
Here is the true story of the hero we are about to tell...
On a cold Oslo morning, at the age of 22, Gunnar Sonsteby, a
young accountant who saw Nazi tanks invading his city, had no idea that day
would change his life forever. Growing up in the mountainous region of Rjukan
with a passion for skiing, the young man was nicknamed “Kjakan” by his friends
because of his prominent chin. No one could have predicted that he would become
one of Norway's greatest resistance heroes.
In the early days of the occupation, Sonsteby, like many
Norwegians, thought the Nazi regime would be temporary. But the brutality of
the occupation forces and the gradual loss of freedom for his country forced
him to take action. Initially starting with small propaganda activities, the
life of resistance soon became much more dangerous and complex. While he roamed
the streets of Oslo as an ordinary cyclist, he was actually spying on Nazi
headquarters and gathering intelligence.
Sonsteby's most remarkable characteristic was his
extraordinary intelligence and cold-bloodedness, which he hid behind his
ordinariness. He managed to live under forty different identities. One day he
could be a polite office worker, the next a factory worker. Thanks to this
ability, he was never caught even once, despite all the efforts of the Gestapo.
In fact, when the Nazis prepared reward posters to capture him, he took it upon
himself to distribute them, and the Su Defacto situation is probably one of the
most ironic acts of resistance in history.
As the leader of the resistance group known as the “Oslo Gang”, Sonsteby practiced strict discipline during the war years. He refused to drink alcohol and avoided romantic relationships. He had only one focus: Norway's freedom. Working closely with the British Special Operations Executive (SOE), Sonsteby played a critical role in the planning and execution of countless acts of sabotage. One of his most important operations was the destruction of the Nazis' identity card production center, which dealt a serious blow to the occupation forces' control system.
After the war, Sonsteby, unlike most heroes of the
resistance, did not fall silent. On the contrary, he made it his life's mission
to pass on the value of democracy and freedom to future generations. He gave
lectures to thousands of young people and spoke at schools. However, he did not
share the details of some operations during the war with anyone until his
death. Perhaps these secrets went with him as witnesses to the dark side of the
freedom struggle.
In 2012, at the age of 94, Sonsteby died, leaving behind not
only countless medals and decorations, but also a timeless symbol of the
struggle for freedom and democracy. His bronze statue in the center of Oslo was
inspired by a photograph of a young man riding his bicycle around the city. It
stands as a silent witness to the fact that seemingly ordinary people can
accomplish extraordinary things.
Sonsteby's story reminds us that heroism is not always
flashy, that sometimes the greatest courage lies in the ability to appear
ordinary. Today, in a world where freedom and democracy are again under threat,
his life story is more important than ever. Because the most important lesson
Sonsteby taught us is that freedom is never guaranteed and that we must always
be vigilant to protect it.
Successful director John Andreas Andersen has brought the story of this historical hero to the big screen as an impressive drama for Netflix. Andersen is known for disaster films such as “The Quake” and “The Burning Sea”, but with “Nr. 24”, he took a bold step into a completely different field, the historical drama genre.
The movie unfolds in two parallel timelines: On the one
hand, young Sonstebyeby's (Sjur Vatne Brean) struggle for resistance during the
war years, and on the other, older Sonstebyeby (Erik Hivju) confronting his
past in a lecture to students. This narrative structure not only tells the
story of a war hero, but also questions the moral dimensions of heroism and
resistance.
In telling Sonstebyeby's story, Andersen prefers to focus on
the character's extraordinary courage hidden behind his ordinariness, rather
than on flashy action sequences. While remaining faithful to historical facts,
the film invites today's viewers to reflect and question what Sonstebyeby's
struggle for freedom means in the modern world.
Let's take a closer look at the movie...
“Nr. 24” is a moving drama about the true story of Norwegian
resistance fighter Gunnar ‘Kjakan’ Sonstebyeby during World War II. Directed by
John Andreas Andersen, the film features strong performances by Sjur Vatne
Brean as the young Sonstebyeby and Erik Hivju as the older Sonstebyeby.
The movie unfolds in two different time periods: A lecture
given by the elderly Sonstebyeby to students in the present day and resistance
activities during World War II. This narrative structure provides an effective
backdrop for questioning the moral complexities of heroism and war.
The story of Sonstebyeby, an ordinary 22-year-old accountant
turned one of Norway's most wanted saboteurs, forms the central axis of the
film. Leading the secret resistance movement in Oslo, Sonstebyeby organizes
dangerous operations against both German and Norwegian Nazi collaborators.
Technically, the film is also remarkable. The scenes from
the 1940s are filmed on 35mm and the modern scenes on 16mm, successfully
reflecting the different atmospheres of the periods. In addition to Kristoffer
Lo's contemporary music, the use of Radiohead's “Exit Music”, although
controversial, strengthens the emotional tone of the story.
Sonstebyeby's character is characterized by the strict rules
he sets for himself during the war. He is portrayed as a character who abstains
from women, alcohol and all the pleasures of life for the sake of freedom. This
theme of sacrifice offers a thought-provoking perspective on the price of
freedom for today's viewers.
The life of Norway's most decorated war hero is presented in an impressive movie. "Nr. 24” is proof that true heroes don't always have cloaks, and that sometimes the greatest courage is hidden in the ability to appear ordinary.
The film not only tells the story of a war hero, but also
questions the moral dimensions of difficult decisions made during wartime. The
scenes in which the elderly Sonstebyeby is forced to confront the relatives of
those he killed in the past at the conference are the most powerful moments of
the film.
In terms of production values, the movie is quite
successful. Although most of the Oslo scenes were shot in Lithuania, the period
atmosphere is convincingly constructed. Pål Ulvik Rokseth's cinematography
captures an impressive visual language both in period scenes and modern times.
Although the film does not focus too much on Sonstebyeby's
personal life, it effectively conveys his determination and struggle for
freedom. Instead of being a charismatic hero, the character is portrayed as an
ordinary-looking figure who accomplishes extraordinary things, which makes the
story more realistic.
The movie takes on a particularly topical relevance today,
when there is a renewed war in Europe. Sonstebyeby's reflections on freedom and
democracy carry strong messages about the importance of preserving these values
in the modern world.
In modern scenes, the students' questioning raises questions
about the morality of wartime actions. At this point, the film skillfully
navigates the fine line between heroism and terror.
Instead of progressing chronologically, the story is told
back and forth between the past and the present. Although this narrative
structure sometimes leads to pacing problems, it generally strengthens the
emotional impact of the story.
The film depicts Sonstebyeby's use of multiple identities to
escape the Nazis and organize the resistance movement with impressive tension.
However, these action scenes never overshadow the human dimension of the movie.
The long-term effects of actions taken during the war are
effectively portrayed, especially in the scenes where the elderly Sonstebyeby
confronts his memories. In this respect, the movie stands out not only as a war
movie but also as a story of reckoning.
The side characters in the movie, especially other members
of the resistance movement, add depth to the story. Each character's
motivations and conflicts reflect the difficult choices people face in wartime.
While depicting an important part of Norway's war history, the film manages to connect with modern audiences through universal themes. Issues such as freedom, sacrifice and moral responsibility are thought-provokingly addressed in a contemporary context.
Sonstebyeby's story of transformation shows how an ordinary
citizen can turn into a resistance fighter under extraordinary circumstances.
In this respect, the movie conveys the message that every individual has the
potential to fight for freedom.
At the end of the movie, although the war has been won, the
celebrations of victory are replaced by deeper reflection. Sonstebyeby's
dialogues with the students emphasize the true cost of war and the value of
peace.
In telling the story of Norway's most decorated resistance
fighter, the film reinterprets the concept of heroism. Far from being a classic
war movie, it is a thought-provoking work about the complex nature of the
struggle for freedom and justice.
In conclusion, Nr. 24 can be considered both a historical
document and an impressive movie with strong messages for today's world. With
its technical achievements, strong acting and thought-provoking themes, it can
be considered an important work not only for Norwegian cinema but also for
world cinema.
Now let's draw a parable...
Although not as much as during the Nazi era, today's Turkey
is experiencing similar problems to Norway. A ruthless dictatorship,
genocide-like practices, bribery, lawlessness and nepotism are at an all-time
high. All the seams of Turkey are missing.
And of course these days will end.
Watching the movie Nr. 24, one of the most thought-provoking
scenes was when the elderly Sonstebyeby had to confront the children of Nazi
collaborators in a lecture to students. It is not hard to see that a similar
reckoning is at our doorstep. The children of today's volunteer supporters,
partisan media, those who turned a blind eye to the lawlessness, those who
remained silent and active collaborators will be sitting at the same desks with
us tomorrow. We can already feel the shame and pain we will see in their eyes.
This movie shows us that sooner or later the dark pages of
history come to light. As we read about the end of Quisling and his supporters
in Norway, we also get a glimpse of the history books that will be written in
the Turkey of the future. Most of all, we will pity the children of today's
relentless AKP and Erdoğan defenders. Because they, like the children of Nazi
collaborators, will have to face the dark legacy of their parents.
The most important lesson of Sonstebyeby is that freedom and
democracy require constant vigilance. What is happening in Turkey today teaches
us the same lesson. Sooner or later this dark period will end and a great
reckoning will follow. When that day comes, just like we saw in “Nr. 24”, some
will be remembered as heroes, while others will be relegated to the dustbin of
history!


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